Eczema affects a significant number of individuals worldwide—approximately 2.6% of the global population, or about 204 million people. In Canada, an estimated 17% of individuals experience eczema at some point in their lives. In this blog, we'll explore what eczema is, how it can be tested, and holistic recommendations to alleviate its symptoms.
What is Eczema?
Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a chronic skin condition characterized by itchy, dry patches, often found in the flexor regions of the body. These areas can flare up upon contact with allergens, and over time, continuous scratching can weaken the skin barrier. While eczema can affect anyone at any age, it most commonly appears during childhood. Symptoms include dry, itchy skin, small raised lesions, flaky or scaly patches, thick leathery skin, and swelling. Common flare-up areas include the arms and neck, as well as hands, elbows, ankles, feet, face, and knees.
Testing for Eczema
Diagnosing eczema typically involves a physical examination by a healthcare professional, who will assess your skin and review your medical history. In some cases, allergy tests may be conducted to identify potential triggers. Immunoglobulin E (IgE) testing can screen for allergic responses to environmental allergens. To evaluate delayed, or non-allergic reactions to food, food sensitivity testing is recommended. This type of testing can help identify specific foods that may be contributing to your symptoms. Additionally, assessing for intestinal dysbiosis—an imbalance of gut bacteria—can provide insights into intestinal inflammation and permeability, both of which can significantly influence gut and skin barrier function. Understanding these factors can guide a more effective management plan for eczema.
Holistic Recommendations for Relief
Lifestyle Modifications
One effective approach for managing eczema symptoms is wet wrapping therapy. This technique can provide hydration and itch relief. To perform wet wrapping, moisten a dressing in warm water and wring out any excess water. Wrap it around the affected area and cover it with a dry dressing on top. This can be left on overnight for optimal results.
Additionally, it’s important to avoid hot showers, as they can exacerbate flare-ups. After showering, moisturize your skin within three minutes to lock in moisture and protect the skin barrier. When applying moisturizer, use downward strokes. Look for ingredients beneficial for eczema-prone skin, such as oats, aloe, hyaluronic acid, vitamin E, niacinamide, and humectants. Avoid moisturizers containing alcohol or filler ingredients. Natural plant-based topicals, such as coconut oil, have also been shown to reduce the presence of staph bacteria on the skin.
Another beneficial approach is dietary modification. An elimination diet can be effective if you suspect certain foods are exacerbating your itch and flare-up symptoms. Begin by removing the suspected irritants for three months, then slowly reintroduce each food one at a time to identify any triggers. Additionally, adopting a Mediterranean diet can help reduce eczema symptoms. This diet emphasizes healthy fats and plant-based foods, which can assist in lowering inflammation. It includes plenty of salmon, a high ratio of fruits and vegetables, and limits red meat and sugar intake. It's also advisable to eliminate citrus fruits like oranges, as well as animal milk and eggs, since the high acidity and specific proteins in these foods can trigger itchiness and worsen eczema symptoms.
Other lifestyle modifications to help reduce eczema symptoms include using an air purifier to minimize dust exposure and pet dander in your home. Additionally, avoiding chemical irritants such as heavily fragranced soaps and laundry detergents can significantly decrease the risk of itchiness and flare-ups. Frequent hand-washing without moisturizer can lead to further dryness, particularly in areas around creases like the wrists and between fingers. Therefore, it’s advisable to substitute harsh products with natural alternatives, such as fragrance-free soaps and detergents. Opting for clothing and bed linens made from breathable cotton materials can also help, as these fabrics are less likely to irritate sensitive skin compared to synthetic fibers. Furthermore, maintaining a clean living environment by regularly washing bedding and vacuuming can reduce allergens and irritants, providing additional relief for those suffering from eczema.
Beneficial Supplements
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Gamma-Linolenic Acid (GLA): This omega-6 fatty acid has been shown to reduce eczema symptoms, particularly itching. Incorporating healthy fats into your diet can also help reduce inflammation.
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Vitamin D: Low levels of vitamin D are correlated with higher rates of bacterial infections, including staph aureus, which affects over 90% of eczema patients. A daily supplementation of 1600 IU of vitamin D may help alleviate some symptoms, especially since many individuals with eczema tend to have lower levels of this vitamin.
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Vitamin E: Supplementation with vitamin E can improve flare-ups and reduce associated symptoms. It helps maintain healthy skin barriers and decreases inflammation and oxidative damage. Both topical and oral forms of vitamin E have been found to produce similar benefits.
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Antibacterial Remedies: Given that nearly 90% of individuals with atopic dermatitis are colonized with staph aureus, using antibacterial remedies like garlic, oregano oil, and goldenseal can be beneficial in reducing these bacteria. If you incorporate antibacterial, antiviral, or anti-fungal remedies, it's essential to also include probiotics in your regimen to replenish beneficial bacteria.
Conclusion
Eczema is a complex condition that requires a multifaceted approach for effective management. By understanding the triggers, testing options, and holistic remedies available, individuals can take proactive steps toward alleviating their symptoms. Always consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new treatment or supplement regimen.